The subject of a sentence is the person or thing doing the action or being described. For example (subjects shaded):
- Lee ate the pie. (Lee is the subject of the sentence. Lee is the subject of the main verb ate; i.e., Lee is doing the action.)
- Lee is putting on weight. (Lee is the subject of the sentence. Lee is the subject of the main verb is; i.e., Lee is being described.)
Simple Subject, Complete Subject, and Compound Subject
The subject of a sentence will be a noun or a pronoun (including all the modifiers that go with it). For example:- Pierre puts a lot of garlic in his food. (Pierre is the subject, and puts a lot of garlic in his food is the predicate. This is an example of a simple subject. A simple subject is just one word without any modifiers.)
- That boy puts a lot of garlic in his food. (That boy is an example of a complete subject. It is the simple subject (in this case, boy plus all modifiers.)
- That new boy from Paris puts a lot of garlic in his food. (That new boy from Paris is a complete subject. It is the simple subject (boy) plus all modifiers.)
- Pierre and Claudette put a lot of garlic in their food. (Pierre and Claudette is a compound subject. That just means it is made up of more than one element.)
- That new boy from Paris and the tall girl with the long hair put a lot of garlic in their food. (That new boy from Paris and the tall girl with the long hair is a compound subject made up of two complete subjects.)
Subjects in Different Sentence Structures
The typical sentence structures are:The subject performs an action:
- My dog bit the postman.
- My dog is boisterous. (When the subject is being described, the verb (in this case, is) will be a linking verb.)
- My dog is the one in the middle. (When the subject is being identified (which is just another way of being described), the verb will be a linking verb.)
- My dog was taken to the vet. (When the subject has an action done to it, the sentence is called a passive sentence.)
2.Verb
The verb is king in English. The shortest sentence contains a verb. You can make a one-word sentence with a verb, for example: "Stop!" You cannot make a one-word sentence with any other type of word.
Verbs are sometimes described as "action words". This is partly true. Many verbs give the idea of action, of "doing" something. For example, words like run, fight, do and work all convey action.
But some verbs do not give the idea of action; they give the idea of existence, of state, of "being". For example, verbs like be, exist, seem and belong all convey state.
A verb always has a subject. (In the sentence "John speaks English", John is the subject and speaks is the verb.) In simple terms, therefore, we can say that verbs are words that tell us what a subject does or is; they describe:
- action (Ram plays football.)
- state (Anthony seems kind.)
There is something very special about verbs in English. Most other words (adjectives, adverbs, prepositions etc) do not change in form (although nouns can have singular and plural forms). But almost all verbs change in form. For example, the verb to work has five forms:
- to work, work, works, worked, working
Of course, this is still very few forms compared to some languages which may have thirty or more forms for a single verb.
Types of verb
There are different types and classifications of Verbs; some of the most important ones are listed below:
· Action Verbs
These verbs talk about what the subject is doing in the sentence. Action Verbs are one of the most easily identifiable types of verbs. For examples :
a. Putra playing football
b. Caca sleeping on the sofa
c. Ayah reads newspaper
· Transitive Verbs
These Action Verbs have a definite object on which, or for which the action is being performed. That means that the action has a definite recipient or object. For examples
a. Karina cooking fried rice
b. Father go to the office
c. Rani was painting in the garden
· Intransitive Verbs
These verbs also show an action but here there is no specific object on which the action is being done. To recognize these verbs, we ask the question what is the/did the subject -verb- ? If there is no answer present, then the verb in the sentence is an Intransitive Verb. For examples :
a. Last night we go to supermarket
b. Karina cooking fried rice last night
c. caca eat spagheti last night
· Stative Verbs
These verbs refer to the state of the subject or the situation of the subject. Stative Verbs tell us about the state of mind of the subject, or the relation between the subject and the object. For examples :
a. Karina prefer steak
b. This dress looks good
c. This spagheti looks tasty
3.Complements
Complements are words that come after linking verbs and modify nouns. The most common noun complements are adjectives and nouns, but can be many other parts of speech as well.
Examples of complements
All the highlighted words or phrases below are complements.
My sister is a doctor.
Tomomi is happy.
The book is on the table.
Carl is here.
We should try to remain calm.
The test proved to be more difficult than we had imagined.
I consider you a friend.
Megumi called her ex-boyfriend a philistine.
SUBJECT+VERB+COMPLEMENT
1.i stay in Jakarta
- i is the subject
- stay is the verb
- Jakarta is the complement of the place
2.I'm playing Football in San Siro Stadium on Saturday
- I'm is the subject
- Playing is the verb
- Football is the complement object
- San Siro stadium is the complement place
- Saturday is the complement time
- King Salman is the subject
- Arrived is the verb
- Jakarta is the complement place
- on 16th march 2017 in the complement time
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